Intensive conflicts and schisms among established denominations have
occurred -- and some continue -- on many moral topics including human sexuality, freedom
and rights:
the most liberal faith groups accepted gay and lesbian members, ministers, pastors,
priests, and rabbis decades ago.
mainline denominations are currently debating the issues, and
may split over them.
most very conservative denominations have not yet addressed the question.
Some indicators of divisions within Protestantism:
Conservative and liberal denominations take opposite positions on just
about every ethical question: abortion, homosexuality,
pre-marital sex, school prayer, women's roles,
etc.
Many cities have two ministerial associations; one restricted to Evangelical clergy, and
a second group for the remaining Protestant clergy.
Many cities have two types of bookstores:
Conservative Christian bookstores generally stock only
Evangelical Christian material.
Secular bookstores -- like Borders, Barnes & Noble, Waldenbooks,
Chapters -- which stock books and
periodicals representing a broad range of liberal, mainline and conservative
beliefs from Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism and other religions.
Author Bruce Bawer believes that the differences between the two Protestant movements,
" Law" and " Love,"
"...are so monumental that any rapprochement seems, at present, unimaginable.
Indeed, it seems likely that if one side does not decisively triumph, the next generation
will see a realignment in which historical denominations give way to new institutions that
more truly reflect the split in American Protestantism." 1,2
Such a realignment might be observed in:
a noticeable increase in membership among Fundamentalist and other Evangelical
denominations, as conservative individuals from mainline denominations leave their church
of origin.
a reduction in membership among mainline denominations due to a loss of members to more
conservative groups.
a liberal shift in belief among mainline denominations as many of their
conservative members
leave.
a growth in membership among liberal denominations as liberal members of mainline groups
leave their church of origin.
a general lessening of conflicts within faith groups as membership beliefs become more
homogeneous.
a greater polarization of religious belief in North America as the mainline
denominations shrink in numbers and influence.
Who is a Christian?We follow the policy used by government
census offices and public opinion pollsters: if an individual or group
devoutly, seriously, and thoughtfully considers themselves to be
Christian, then we do too. This policy, probably more than any other, has
resulted in an incredible flood of angry Email from visitors to our web
site who are anxious to divide Christianity into "true
Christianity" (their side) and "false Christianity"
(everyone else). They
commonly express the belief that The Watchtower
Society (Jehovah's Witnesses) and Unification
Church are cults, that Mormons are Gnostics, and
that Roman Catholics are Pagans -- but none are
actually Christian.
Two mode model: In our essays, we generally differentiate between the
views of very conservative and very liberal Christians. We recognize that most
Christian theologians and other believers probably hold beliefs that are
somewhere between these two positions. We often discuss the beliefs of 1st and
2nd century Christians as well.
Unique beliefs and practices: Sometimes, one wing of Christianity will
have unique beliefs or engage in special practices. Examples are the concepts of
Purgatory and Limbo within Roman Catholicism, and unique dates for many
Christian holy days among the Eastern Orthodox churches. We explain these
separately.