What percentage of priests abuse
and whom do they victimize? Part 2
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This essay is a continuation of this topic from Part 1
Just how many young people are molested by the average abusive priest?
Again, nobody knows for certain.
Priests have freer access to many children than does the average male. His
position of authority and trust can facilitate abuse. Thus the number of abused
young people per abusive priest may well be larger than for the average
molester.
William Reid has written that "careful studies have
indicated...that child molesters commit an average of sixty offenses for every
incident that comes to public attention." 1 But Thomas Fox
estimates that the "average pedophile priest abuses 285 victims." 2
Who are the victims of abusive priests?
The general consensus is that the vast majority of priests do not abuse young
people. Among those who do abuse, most fall within the following definitions:
A small minority of abusive pedophiles who have a heterosexual orientation and are
sexually attracted to pre-pubertal girls, less commonly to boys, and
sometimes to both boys and girls. They often have sexual feelings to children
of a particular age group -- e.g. 7 and 8 year olds.
A much larger percentage of abusive ephebophiles who are priests with a
homosexual orientation. They are sexually attracted to post-pubertal young
men, aged 14 to 17 years. 3 Most are also
probably also attracted to adult males.
Nobody knows, with any degree of accuracy, what percentage of priests fall
into each category. One can only guess from the cases that are seen in court.
Columnist Ann Coulter claimed,
without citing references, that "It is a fact that the vast majority of
the abuser priests – more than 90 percent – are accused of molesting teen-age
boys." She criticizes The New York Times for intentionally
suppressing the gender of the alleged victims by using gender-neutral
terms such as the "teen-ager," the "former student," the "victim"
and the "accuser." 4
Donald Cozzens, former vicar of priests at the Diocese of Cleveland, OH, wrote
in the year 2000 about his experience in the Midwest:
"As a group, [child sexual] abusers tend
to be married men who prey on girls, although many pedophiles abuse both girls
and boys. Our respective diocesan experience revealed that roughly 90 percent of
priest abusers targeted teenage boys as their victims. ... Relatively little
attention has been paid to this phenomenon by church authorities. Perhaps it is
feared that it will call attention to the disproportionate number of gay
priests. While homosexually oriented people are no more likely to be drawn to
misconduct with minors than straight people, our own experience was clear and, I
believe, significant. Most priest offenders, we vicars agreed, acted out against
teenage boys." 5,6 More recently, in 2002, he quoted other
estimates that "90 percent to 95 percent, and some estimates say as high as
98 percent of the victims of clergy acting out [are] teenage boys." 5
Bill Blakemore of ABC NEWS.com stated in an online interview on an ABC
message board: "The vast majority of cases that have come to light in
this crisis, somewhere between 90-98 percent apparently, are not
technically pedophilia because they are cases of homosexual abuse of
teenage boys aged 13-17." 7 He probably picked up
the data from Donald Cozzens' writing.
It is worth noting that if the age of consent for homosexual activity were lowered
to the age of 16, as it is in many jurisdictions, then many -- if not most -- of the criminal acts
by abusive priests would disappear.
Most charges by the police against abusive priests would never materialize. Cases of ephebophilia would still represent an ethical quagmire, however. They would
be a gross violation of the priest's ordination vows and would be
an extremely harmful experience to most of the teens. For example, in
Kingston, ON, Canada where our office is located, an Anglican church
official was convicted of sexually abusing many dozens
of young children and youths. Many people believe that two suicides resulted
from these criminal acts.
How do levels of abuse by Catholic and Protestant compare?
You guessed it! Nobody knows with any accuracy.
Alan Cooperman wrote in the Washington Post:
"Gary Schoener, a psychologist whose Walk-In Counseling Center in Minneapolis has consulted with more than 1,000 victims of clerical sexual abuse, believes that the percentage
of abusers is no higher among Catholic priests than among Protestant ministers. But in his experience, he said, priests have more victims because they operate
longer before they are caught." 8
Some people view celibacy as an unnatural lifestyle. They speculate
that a higher percentage of priests are abusers than are Protestant
ministers and pastors, because of the Catholic church's celibacy requirement. The implication is that if celibacy were made optional, then
priests could marry and wouldn't abuse youths and children.
Most Protestant clergy are free to
marry, and most heterosexual ministers and pastors do marry. Unfortunately, we have
been unable to find reliable information about the level of abuse among
Protestant clergy.
There also does not seem to be any reliable information about
the level of child molestation among those Roman Catholic priests who are
married. Thus any abusive pedophile
and hebephile
data would be of such low accuracy as to be useless. (The existence of married priests within the Roman
Catholic Church is a surprise to many. When the Episcopal Church decided to ordain females,
about 95 Episcopal ministers in the U.S. were so distressed by the idea of sharing
the priesthood with women that some converted to Roman Catholicism in order to
remain in a purely male priesthood. The church allowed them
to remain married.)
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Comparison of abuse in the Catholic Church with that in U.S. public schools:
A U.S. Department of Education report issued in 2004 examined a number of
American studies into the prevalence of sexual misconduct by school staff.
They found that between 3.5% and 50.3% of students are targets of educator
sexual misconduct sometime during their school career. They found that
teachers, coaches, substitute teachers were the most common offenders.
If this report is accurate, then sexual abuse by priests in the Roman
Catholic church, and by other clergy, appears to pale in comparison with the
abuse being experienced by children and youths in the public schools. 9
What does the future hold?
Bishop Thomas Gumbelton of Detroit has said that, in the past, Catholic
seminaries had not adequately prepared students for a lifetime of
celibacy. They had not taught students how to integrate their sexuality. 10
Barbara Walters of ABC's 20/20 has stated that
"...the [Catholic]
church has made dramatic changes in the last decade in the way it
addresses sexual issues in seminary. Instead of denying or repressing
sexual desire, seminaries now use progressive psychology to help men deal
openly with the once taboo topics of sexual attraction as well as
homosexuality. Seminarians, for example, learn how to channel their sexual
energy, and that it is alright to embrace their homosexual orientation.
They are taught that intimate, nonsexual friendships may help keep them
from breaking their vow of celibacy. " 10
It will
take decades to determine the effectiveness of these sex-ed programs in
preventing sexual abuse.
In the meantime, the anger by the laity at the abuse by priests and the coverups by church officials may well advance the case for female ordination. It is generally acknowledged that the level of abuse of minors by women is much lower than by men.
References used:
The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above
essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today.
William H. Reid, The Psychiatric Times, 1988-APR-24. Quoted in:
A. W. Richard Sipe, "Sex, Priests and Power: Anatomy of a Crisis,"
Brunner/Mazel, (1995).
Thomas C. Fox, "Sex and power issues expand clergy-lay rift,"
National Catholic Reporter, 1992-NOV-13, Pages 17 to 19.
Joe Fitzgerald, "Priest fears gays in ranks pose threat to
Church," Boston Herald, 2002-MAR-6, at: http://www2.bostonherald.com/
Father Donald Cozzens, "The Changing Face of the Priesthood,"
quoted in "Meet the Press transcript," ' ABC News' Meet
the Press, 2002-MAR-31, at: http://www.msnbc.com/news/731454.asp
Alan Cooperman, "Sex abuse in clergy stymies scientists Lack of
data thwarts efforts to gauge depth of the problem," Washington Post,
2002-MAR-24, at: http://detnews.com/2002/religion/
Charol Shakeshaft, "Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of
Existing Literature," U.S. Department of Education, 2004-JUN, at: http://www.ed.gov/
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