Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in
Africa, The Middle East & Far East
Sources of additional information
Sponsored link.
Internet sources of FGM information:
The Female Genital Cutting Education and Networking Project has
brochures, a forum and many essays online. See:
http://www.fgmnetwork.org/
Afrol.com has a "Women and Gender" section that
deals extensively with FGM. See:
http://www.afrol.com/
Rising Daughters Aware is an agency centered in California.
"...the RDA provides free information
and services for FGM affected women, their physicians, other
health care providers, social workers, counselors and
attorneys."See: http://www.fgm.org/
(This site appears to be offline, However it remains registered to a group
in California and may be reactivated in the future).
The Feminist Majority Foundation has a site called "Feminist News
Stories on Female Genital Mutilation" which carries current news on
FGM. See: http://www.feminist.org/ and
use their search facility with the phrase "female
genital mutilation"
The Egyptian Task Force on FGM was formed in 1994 from a
number of Egyptian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) See:
http://www.ncpd.org.eg/ and use their
search facility with the phrase "female
genital mutilation"
Emmanuel Babatunde, "Women's rites versus women's rights: A study
of circumcision among the Ketu Yoruba of South Western Nigeria,"
Africa World Press, (1998). Review/order this
book
Waris Dirie & Cathleen Miller, "Desert flower: The
extraordinary journey of a desert nomad," William Morrow, (1998). Review/order this book
Efua Dorkenoo, "Cutting the rose: Female Genital Mutilation: The
practice and its prevention," Minority Rights Publications, (1995).
Review/order this
book
Hanny Lightfoot-Klein, "Prisoners of ritual: An odyssey into
female genital circumcision in Africa," Harrington Park Press,
(1989). Review/order this
book
F. Kassindia, L. Bashir, "Do they hear you when you cry?"
Delta, (1999). Review/order this
book
Alice Walker, et al., "Warrior marks: Female Genital Mutilation
and the sexual blinding of women," Harvest Books, (1996) Review/order this
book
Alice Walker, "Possessing the secret of joy," Washington
Square Press, (1997). Review/order this
book
Articles on FGM:
The African Women's Health Center, which is associated iwth Brigham and
Women's Hospital in Boston MA lists the following three papers on FGM:
Nawal M. Nour, MD, MPH, "Female genital cutting: clinical and
cultural guidelines," published 2004-APR in Obstet Gynecol Surv.
"Female genital cutting: a need for reform," published 2003-MAY, in
Obstet Gynecol Surv.
Nawal M. Nour, MD, MPH, "Female circumcision and genital mutilation:
a practical and sensitive approach," published 2000-MAR-01, in
Contemporary OB/GYN.®
References to Male Circumcision
Removal of the penile foreskin is practiced among Muslims and Jews for religious
reasons. It is also practiced widely in North America for traditional and medical reasons.
There are Web sites which support and oppose this procedure. Two anti-circumcision home
pages are:
NOHARMM: National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males
has a site at: http://noharmm.org
CIRP: Circumcision Information Resource Pages is an information resource that leans
towards non-circumcision. See: http://www.cirp.org/
One "pro circumcision" group is Circumcision Online News at: