SAME-SEX MARRIAGE (SSM)
IN BELGIUM

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Overview:

There is a north-south split among the countries in Europe concerning same-sex partnerships. Many of the northwestern countries, which are nominally Protestant, have either expanded marriage to include same-sex couples, or have created registries for such couples and have granted them some benefits. The southern Mediterranean countries come from the Roman Catholic tradition which considers procreation to be the main function of marriage. None of them have legalized same-sex marriage.

In 2001-APR, the Netherlands became the first country in the world to expand the definition of marriage through legislation so that "two people of different or the same sex can contract a marriage." ₁ Both houses in the legislature had approved two bills during the previous fall which made both marriage and adoption available to all committed couples: whether they are same-sex or opposite-sex. This was the first country in the world to allow same-sex couples to marry.

On 2003-JAN-30, Belgium became the second country in the world to allow gay and lesbian couples to marry. However, unlike the laws of the Netherlands, the new legislation does not allow them to adopt children. ₂

Belgium is a country of about ten million people. Dutch, French, and German languages are spoken there.

About the legislation:

Like many other northwestern European countries, Belgium had already granted some tax and property rights and privileges to registered gay partners. Pressure to expand the definition of marriage to include same-sex couples started in the Dutch-speaking northern areas of the country, spearheaded by Holebifederatie, the largest gay and lesbian civil rights organization in Belgium. Changes to the marriage act first became possible in 1999 when the conservative Roman Catholic political party, the Social Christians, lost their first election in forty years. ₃

According to Annemie Mercelis, legal adviser for Jef Tavernier, the public health minister, it was the previous minister of public health, Magda Aelvoet, who first suggested that the government legally recognize gay relationships. After evaluating the various options, the government decided to not create a separate, parallel system of civil unions for gays and lesbians. They concluded that widening the definition of marriage to include same-sex couples was the preferred route,  Mercelis explained: "Otherwise, it would have meant a whole new type of legislation. [With the revised law] it was a really simple operation....These are good times for the [gay] movement in our little country." ₄

A coalition government of Liberals, Socialists and Greens amended the 1830 civil code to make the simple change of defining marriage as a contract between two spouses. No public hearings were conducted.

The Belgium public took little interest in the revisions to the marriage laws. However, there was considerable opposition to allowing same-sex married couples to adopt children.

The House of Representatives voted in favor of the bill by a vote of 91 to 22 vote on 2003-JAN-30.  There were nine abstentions. Only members of the opposition Christian Democrat party (CdH) and the extreme right Vlaams Blok voted against the bill. ₅ The Associated Press reported that "During the public debate and vote, dozen [sic] of lesbian and homosexual couples attended the proceedings, some holding hands as the legislators approved the legislation."

The law came into force on 2003-JUN-1, four months after it had received royal assent and after the text had been published in Belgium's official journal.

Reactions to the legislation:

Restrictions:

There are three main restrictions in the new legislation: