Provided, or about to be provided,
by various political jurisdictions
A snapshot of government recognition of same-sex relationships as of 2005-JUN
(not now):
According to a consultation paper published by the British government:
Denmark introduced the first civil partnership law for same-sex
committed couples in 1989.
Two European countries, The Netherlands (since 2001) and Belgium (since
2002), allow same-sex
marriage (SSM). That is, committed, same-sex couples can simply marry just
as opposite-sex couples can, and thereby gain the same responsibilities,
protections, rights, etc for themselves and their children.
A total of eight countries in "the European Union...have provision
for legally recognizing those in committed same sex partnerships." 1 They are:
Denmark: Registered partnerships since 1989.
Finland: Registered partnerships since 2001.
France: Civil Solidarity Pacts since 1999.
Germany: Partnership registration, since 2001
Portugal: Partnership rights since 2001
Spain: Partnership recognition in some states.
Sweden: Registered partnerships since 1994
Switzerland: Registered partnerships since 2005. On 2002-SEP-22, Zurich adults voted 63%
to 37% to give same-sex couples the right to marry. This only applies only to the canton of Zurich
in Switzerland. More details
"The rights and
responsibilities attached to the different arrangements vary."11
California gradually phased in certain restricted benefits for same-sex couples in 2001. They made domestic partnerships available to same-sex
couples in 2005-JAN-01. These are similar to Vermont's civil unions.
More details.
Connecticut's legislature approved a civil union bill
on 2005-APR-20. It was signed into law by the governor within hours. It took effect on
2005-OCT-01. More details
Vermont: The state
Supreme Court determined that the existing marriage laws in the state
violated the state constitution. The legislature approved a system of
civil unions for same-sex couples which became effective on 2000-JUL-1. The
rights and privileges granted under this law are similar to those given
by the state to all married couples. The over 1,000 Federal rights and
obligations are denied couples who enter civil unions. The rights given
to couples in civil unions are not transportable to other states in the
U.S. Thus, if a civil unionized couple in Vermont steps over the state line,
they are regarded simply as roommates. More details.
2004-MAY: Massachusetts: The Supreme Judicial Court ruled that the state constitution
requires same-sex marriage, and that the state had to
issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Committed same-sex couples have been able to marry in the state since 2004-MAY-17. However their marriages
are not recognized by the Federal government, so they do not receive any of the over 1,000 federal rights and obligations of opposite-sex marriage.
More details.
Canada: The provinces of British Columbia, Quebec, and Nova
Scotia had civil-union-type arrangements in place.
2003-JUN: Ontario, Canada: The Ontario Court of Appeal unanimously ruled that same-sex
couples can obtain marriage licenses and register their marriages in the province. They obtain full provincial and federal rights.
More details
2003-JUL: British Columbia, Canada: The British Columbia Court of Appeal had ordered
implementation of same-sex marriages in the province starting in 2004-JUL-12. On 2003-JUL-08, they issued a supplementary ruling ordering the government
to start issuing licenses immediately. More details
2004-MAR: Québec, Canada: On 2004-MAR-20, the provincial Court of Appeal upheld
the Quebec Superior Court's decision to permit SSM. They became available immediately.
More details
2004-JUL: Yukon, Canada:
The Yukon Supreme Court ruled on 2004-JUL-14 that SSM was legal.
More details.
2004-SEP: Manitoba, Canada:
On 2004-SEP-14, The Court of
Queen's Bench noted that 12 or more other Canadian judges had already
decided that excluding same-sex couples from marriage is a violation of Canada's
Charter of Rights and Freedoms -- the country's constitution. The court
declared the marriage act in Manitoba to be unconstitutional and ordered the
definition of marriage to be immediately "reformulated to mean a voluntary
union for life of two persons at the exclusion of all others."
More details
2004-SEP: Nova Scotia, Canada: The province's Supreme Court ruled on
2004-SEP-24 that "civil marriage
between two persons of the same sex is therefore lawful and valid."
More details
2004-NOV: Saskatchewan, Canada: TheFamily Law Division of the
Court of Queen's Bench ruled that: "The common-law definition of marriage
for civil purposes is declared to be 'the lawful union of two persons to the
exclusion of all others'." More details
2004-DEC: Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: The Supreme Court of
Newfoundland ordered the province to recognize same-sex marriages. The lawsuit
was heard on DEC-19 and 20; the ruling was handed down on DEC-21.
More details
2005-JUN-23: New Brunswick, Canada: Court of Queen's Bench Justice Judy Clendenning
determined that the civil definition of marriage in the province should be
broadened to include same-sex couples. She gave the province ten days in which
to make the necessary administrative adjustments. More details
2005-JUN-05: Swiss voters approved a referendum on a proposed
Eingetragene Partnerschaft (registered partnership)
law introduced by the Swiss government.
2005-JUN-29: Spain: The Congress of Deputies
voted 187 to 147, with four abstentions, to legalize SSM. The bill is
took effect by mid 2005-JUL-15. This is the third country to leglaize SSM. More details.
2005-JUL-20: Canada: Bill C-38 to allow same-sex couples to marry across Canada,
was signed into law. Canada became the fourth country to legalize SSM.
More details
2005-OCT-01: Connecticut. USA: A bill permitting civil unions came
into effect. It has been signed into law on 2005-APR-20.
More details
2005-DEC-05: UK: A new civil partnership law came into effect on. This gave same-sex couples all of the rights of
opposite-sex married couples. More details.
South Africa: On 2004-NOV-29, the Supreme Court of Appeal
ruled that SSM was legal. On 2005-DEC-01, that decision was unanimously
confirmed by their Constitutional Court -- the country's highest court. However,
the latter court suspended its own ruling for 12 months in order to give the
South African government time to modify its marriage legislation. On
2006-AUG-24, the Cabinet released a bill that would legalize SSM in the country. On 2006-NOV-14, legislators in South Africa overwhelmingly passed
the bill legalizing same-sex marriage. The vote was of 230 to 41 with three
abstentions. South Africa became the first country in Africa, and the sixth
country in the world to give same-sex
couples the same rights as opposite-sex couples after Belgium, Canada, Holland,
Massachusetts, and Spain. More details
2006-OCT: New Jersey: In an unprecedented move, the seven justices of
the state supreme court voted
unanimously
that equal rights must be granted to
same-sex couples. By a 7 to 0 vote, the court determined that all
citizens had the right to the protections of marriage regardless of sex,
and that their children must enjoy equal rights whether their parents
are of the same or opposite sexes. They left the decision whether to
create same-sex marriage or same-sex unions up to the legislature. 7
On 2006-DEC-14, both chambers of the New Jersey legislature passed a
bill to legalize civil unions for same-sex couples.
More details.
2006-NOV-21: Israel: The Israeli High Court of Justice
ruled in a 6 to 1 decision that the government must recognize same-sex
marriages made elsewhere. Massive outrage is expected among the country's
social and religious conservatives. The case involved a gay couple who
traveled to Canada, were married, returned to their home in Israel, and
asked the government to recognize their relationship. Israel is now the
seventh country to recognize SSM. More details.
2007-JAN-01: The Swiss Eingetragene Partnerschaft (registered
partnership) law went into effect.
2007-FEB-22: Rhode Island: Attorney General
Patrick Lynch said that same-sex marriages solemnized in Massachusetts
are to be recognized in Rhode Island. Same-sex married couples are to
receive the full set of state benefits, rights and obligations that
opposite-sex couples routinely receive.
More details.
2007-MAY-31: New Hampshire: A civil
unions bill has been signed into law. It takes effect on 2008-JAN-01. More
details.
2007-JUN-28: Sweden: By early 2008,
Sweden is expected to introduce a new "gender neutral" marriage law that
would allow same-sex couples to marry. More information
2008-FEB-01: New York:
An
appellate court in New York state ruled unanimously that same-sex
marriages legally solemnized elsewhere must be recognized as valid
marriages in New York state. More details.
2008-FEB-01: Oregon: A state law allowing same-sex couples to register as
domestic partners took effect.
More details.
2008-MAY-14: California: A marriage equality lawsuit
made its way to the state supreme court. Same-sex couples have been able to
marry in the state since 2008-JUN-17. More details.
2007-APR: New York: A bill has been
introduced to the legislature to allow same-sex marriages.
More
details.
References used:
"Civil Partnership: A framework for the legal recognition of same sex couples," Women & Equality Unit, at:
http://www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk/
This is a PDF file. You may require software to read
it. Software can be obtained free from:
J.S. Spong, "Three cheers for the New Jersey Supreme Court," A new
Christianity for a New World newsletter, 2006-NOV-01.
