The U.S. military has historically changed in response to major social
changes such as religion and sexuality.
Sometimes it has led developments in
parts of the country, as when it racially integrated the army after World War
II.
Sometimes it has trailed social change, as in the case of religion. It has
only recently allowed Wiccan and other Neopagan groups to form on military
bases, and then only in the face of serious criticism from
politicians and conservative Protestants.
The military forms a special sub-culture, where the nation's regular laws do not
necessarily apply. The need for unit cohesion has traditionally been used as an
argument to prevent African Americans from being integrated into all-white
units, to prevent women from playing a major role in combat, and for prohibiting
homosexuals from serving at all.
As of late 2005, there is a significant difference between American society as a whole
and the military's policies concerning homosexuals:
In 2003-JUN, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
Lawrence v. Texas that "anti-sodomy" laws were unconstitutional, and
that states cannot make laws regarding adult private sexual behavior for the
simple reason that it may be considered immoral.
The military currently has a "Don't ask, Don't tell" policy in
which gays and lesbians are still expelled from the armed forces, but only
if they reveal their sexual orientation.
A soldier can travel to Massachusetts or Canada, marry the same-sex fiancé to
whom he or she has made a lifetime commitment, return to base, and be expelled
for having sex with his spouse.