Is the Bible free of error?
Inerrancy:
A brief overview
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Diverse quotations:
 | "All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable
for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in
righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished
unto all good works." 2 Timothy 3:16-17
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 | "If it is accepted that God Inspired the writing of the Books of the Bible, then to claim otherwise would imply that either He made or permitted mistakes in the Bible or that He is nowhere near as all-knowing as we believe He is."
Quote taken from the "Believe" website. 1
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"The Bible is the inerrant ... word of the living God. It is absolutely infallible,without error in all matters pertaining to faith and practice, as well as in areas such as geography, science, history, etc." Jerry Falwell, from his book Finding Inner Peace and Strength
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 | "The Bible has been used for centuries by Christians as a weapon of
control. To read it literally is to believe in a three-tiered universe, to
condone slavery, to treat women as inferior creatures, to believe that
sickness is caused by God's punishment, and that mental disease and epilepsy
are caused by demonic possession. When someone tells me that they believe
the Bible is the 'literal and inerrant word of God,' I always ask, 'Have you
ever read it'?" Episcopal Bishop John Shelby Spong. 2 |

Overview:
An inerrant book or text is one that is accurate,
truthful, and totally free of error. Since all of the holy books of various
world religions teach different messages, no more than one can be inerrant.
Perhaps none are.
Most religious conservatives hold a
cardinal belief that their own faith's holy books
are inerrant, and that all the holy books of other religious are errant; i.e. they contain errors.
There are diverse beliefs concerning inerrancy within Christianity:
 | Beliefs of religious conservatives: Many believe in four inter-related principles, that:
 | The Bible is inerrant -- free of error;
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 | The meaning of biblical passages is clear and unambiguous;
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 | Its authors were inspired by God; and
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 | The Bible is the word of God and thus reflects accurately the will
of God. |
Further, many religious conservatives believe that the Bible is to be
interpreted literally, unless otherwise
indicated. Some passages are obviously intended to be interpreted figuratively,
symbolically or metaphorically rather than literally. For example, in Chapter 1
of the Gospel of John,
Jesus is described as feeding 5,000 people with bread and fish. Later in that
Gospel, Jesus is recorded as saying "I am the bread of life" (John 6:35). He
obviously does not imply that he is a loaf of bread. He appears to mean that he
is "the source and sustainer of eternal life." 3
Similarly, when Jesus is recorded
as saying "I am the vine, ye are the
branches" (John 15:5) he does not mean that he is a literal vine.
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Many mainline Christians believe that the Bible contains
the will of God, but that portions of the Bible do not reflect God's will.
Every injunction, instruction, prohibition, etc. in the Bible has to
be analyzed carefully to determine whether it was directed to a specific
culture at a specific time and place, or should be applied to all cultures and
all eras.
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 | Many liberal/progressive Christians believe that the Bible was written by individuals
to promote their own evolving spiritual beliefs. However, many of the
authors were severely limited by their tribal culture and by their lack of scientific
knowledge. Many progressive Christians believe that it is important to recognize that
many biblical passages contain factual errors and that many do not reflect the will of God.
Many reject what
the Bible's authors have to say on topics such as:
 |
Genocide, |
 | The origins of species
and of the universe, |
 | Human slavery, |
 | The
suppression and oppression of women, |
 | Treatment of persons with a homosexual or bisexual orientation
or a transgender or transsexual identity, |
 |
Religious
intolerance, |
 | Torturing prisoners, |
 | The death penalty, |
 |
Treatment of religious
minorities, |
 | Spanking children, |
 | Executing non-virgin brides, |
 | Execution of children who are disrespectful of their parents, and |
 | Other laws and actions considered
immoral by today's secular and religious standards. |
Some progressive Christians would select the concept of
transferring sin and punishment from the guilty to
the innocent as the most immoral practice advocated by the
Bible, is. This theme is found in passages throughout the Bible from
Genesis to Revelation. |

Historical impacts of beliefs in inerrancy & literal interpretation:
Much of a individual's or a faith group's theology follows naturally from their
beliefs about inerrancy, and whether specific passages in their holy book should be interpreted
literally as applying to today's culture. Many historical and current
intra-religious and inter-religious conflicts can be traced directly back to
beliefs on inerrancy and a literal interpretation of specific passages.
Five examples are:
 | In the King James Version and a few other translations of the Bible,
Exodus 22:18 is rendered "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live." This
verse was used to justify many of the abuses of the "burning
times" by the Catholic and Protestant Inquisition against religious heretics.
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In Genesis 9:25-27, Noah cursed his grandson
Canaan because of an undefined transgression by Noah's son Ham. Ham was not
himself cursed or punished. This
was referred to as the "Curse of Ham." Prior to the 19th century, most Christian clergy and theologians used
the curse to justify human slavery of Canaan's descendents who were believed
to be blacks. It is one biblical example of transmitting guilt and punishment from the guilty (Ham) to the innocent (Canaan and his descendents).
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 | There are six or seven "clobber passages" in
the Bible which, when literally interpreted, are often used to condemn
homosexual behavior.
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Jehovah's Witnesses cite literal interpretations of
Bible verses from Genesis, Leviticus, Acts 15 and Acts
21 in order to urge its members to refuse to accept blood transfusions for themselves
or their children, even when the refusal endangers their life. The result is a
high death rate within the denomination, particularly among women during
childbirth. Other Christian denominations interpret the same passages as food
regulations that no longer apply to Christians.
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Much of Christian anti-Judaism and
anti-Semitism over the past two millennia is based on Matthew 27:25: "Then answered all the people, and
said, 'His blood be on us, and on our children'." The verse has been literally
interpreted to imply that the responsibility for Jesus' torture death on the
cross did not lie with the Roman procurator Pontius Pilate and the occupying
Roman army. Most denominations taught as late as the mid 20th century that full blame
for Jesus' death was accepted by a group of Jews in Pilate's courtyard on behalf of all Jews
living at the time in Jerusalem, in the rest of Judea, and in the Diaspora. Further,
Matthew 27:25 has been interpreted to equally blame all
future generations of Jews even to the present day and beyond into the future. This is
another example of transferring guilt and punishment
from the guilty to the innocent.
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The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above
essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today.
- "Inerrancy and Infallibility of the Bible," Believe website, at:
http://mb-soft.com/
- Bishop John Shelby Spong, "Q&A on the Bible as a weapon of
control," weekly mailing for 2007-OCT-31. You can subscribe to these mailings
at:
http://secure.agoramedia.com
- "Literal and figurative," Worldwide Church of God, at:
http://www.wcg.org/

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Copyright © 1997 to 2011 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
Author: B.A. Robinson
Latest update: 2011-JAN-25
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