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Inerrancy: Is the Bible free of error?
All points of view.

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Overview:

The word "inerrancy" is used to refer to a text that is considered accurate, truthful, and totally free of error. A text that contains mistakes is errant.

The term is often used by conservative theologians:

bulletIn Judaism to refer to the Torah,
bullet

In Christianity to refer to the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures (a.k.a. the Old and New Testaments),

bulletIn Islam to refer to the Qur'an, and
bulletIn other religions to refer to their own holy books.

The Torah, Hebrew/Christian Scriptures, and Qur'an do not agree on many topics including the nature of God; creation and origin of life, the world and the rest of the universe; various scientific topics; morality and ethics; personal salvation; the afterlife; abortion access; equal rights for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transsexual, and transgendered persons; same-sex marriage; and many other cultural matters.

Because the holy books of the world differ from each other, only one of them -- at most -- can be inerrant. Some people suggest that none are inerrant.

Since all of the people who are affiliated with a religion are members of a minority religions, most people's holy book cannot be inerrant. If they believe that their holy book is inerrant, they are probably wrong. Perhaps all are wrong.

Topics dealing with inerrancy in this section:

Most of the following essays deal with inerrancy from a Christian perspective

bulletA brief overview; quotations; historical impacts of belief in inerrancy
 
bulletA more detailed introduction to inerrancy
 
bulletWhat is the impact of biblical inerrancy, authority, etc. on North American culture?
 
bulletMore material on biblical inerrancy:
bulletWhat is biblical inerrancy?
bulletTerms associated with inerrancy -- authority, infallibility, inspiration
bulletThe linkage between biblical inerrancy and inspiration
bulletProblems with infallibility
 
bulletWhy inerrancy is critical; problems with inerrancy
 
bulletBiblical inerrancy: beliefs, references:
bulletWhat Americans believe.
bulletWeb sites dealing with inerrancy and errancy.
 
bulletIs inerrancy important?: Arguments yes and no
 
bulletWhat the Bible says about its own Inerrancy
 
bulletInerrancy, as interpreted by:
bulletFundamentalist and other evangelical Protestants
bulletMainline and liberal/progressive Protestants
bulletThe Roman Catholic Church
bullet

Contrasting beliefs among different Christian groups
 

bulletWhy we cannot prove biblical inerrancy or errancy
 
bulletHarmonizing apparent biblical conflicts
 
bulletTwelve tests of biblical inerrancy/errancy:
bulletPart 1: Four indicators of errancy
bulletPart 2: Five more indicators of errancy
bulletThree indicators that are currently inconclusive
bulletA final indicator of errancy based on biblical ambiguity
 
bulletDid the Holy Spirit inspire the authors of the Bible?
 
bulletBooks on biblical errancy, inerrancy, reliability, etc.

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Classroom video:

bulletBible.org provides a theology program (TTP) which explains various historical beliefs from a conservative Protestant perspective. One free video is Session 8 - Inerrancy. See: http://www.bible.org/

References used:

The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today.

  1. "Literal and figurative," Worldwide Church of God, at: http://www.wcg.org/
  2. Dave Miller, "Why I Believe in the Inerrancy of the Scriptures" http://www.infidels.org/
  3. S.B. Ferguson et al, "New Dictionary of Theology", Inter-Varsity Press, Downers Grove, IL (1988), Pages 337-339.
  4. "Homosexual ordination vote widens gap between Presbyterian factions," ReligionToday, 2001-JUN-20, at: http://news.crosswalk.com/
  5. Millard J. Erickson, "Christian Theology," Baker, (1985), Page 241.
  6. Steven Ibbotson, "Biblical Authority," Prairie Bible Institute, (2000), at: http://instructor.pbi.ab.ca/
  7. "Inerrancy and Infallibility of the Bible," Believe web site, at: http://mb-soft.com/
  8. Bishop John Shelby Spong, "Q&A on the Bible as a weapon of control," weekly mailing for 2007-OCT-31. You can subscribe to these mailings at: http://secure.agoramedia.com

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Copyright © 1997 to 2008 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
Author: B.A. Robinson
Latest update: 2008-SEP-01

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