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 Author(s) of the Book of Genesis, Chapter 8 |
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J: a writer who used Yahweh/Jehovah as the divine name. |
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P: a writer who added material of major interest to the priesthood. |
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R: a redactor who welded the contributions of J and P together into the present Pentateuch. |
Chapter 8 of the book of Genesis are reprinted below. 1 The original authors, according to the Documentary Hypothesis, are indicated in color: J, P, and R. We follow the identification by R.E. Friedman. 2,3
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CHAPTER 8:
As for Chapter 7, we see frequent alterations between J and P.
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Verses 1 and 2 contains duplicate descriptions of the ending of the rain. |
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Verses 13 and 14 give two dates when the ground was dry; the dates conflict. |
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Verses 21-22 and Genesis 9, verses 9-17 each mention that God will not engage again in mass genocide and extermination of (almost) all living animals - at least through the use of a flood. |
| Verses by J | Verses by P |
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1 (P) And God remembered Noah,
and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark:
and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters asswaged; 2 The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, |
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2 (Cont'd) and
the rain from heaven was restrained; 3 And the waters returned from off the earth continually: |
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3 (P) (Cont'd) and after the end of the
hundred and fifty days the waters were abated. 4 And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat. 5 And the waters decreased continually until the tenth month: in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, were the tops of the mountains seen. |
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| 6 And it came to pass at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made: | |
| 7 (P) And he sent forth a raven, which went forth to and fro, until the waters were dried up from off the earth. | |
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8 Also he sent forth a dove from him,
to see if the waters were abated from off the face of the ground; 9 But the dove found no rest for the sole of her foot, and she returned unto him into the ark, for the waters were on the face of the whole earth: then he put forth his hand, and took her, and pulled her in unto him into the ark. 10 And he stayed yet other seven days; and again he sent forth the dove out of the ark; 11 And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf pluckt off: so Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth. 12 And he stayed yet other seven days; and sent forth the dove; which returned not again unto him any more. |
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| 13 (P) And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth: | |
| 13 (Cont'd)...and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was dry. | |
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14 (P) And in the second month, on the seven and
twentieth day of the month, was the earth dried. 15 And God spake unto Noah, saying, 16 Go forth of the ark, thou, and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with thee. 17 Bring forth with thee every living thing that is with thee, of all flesh, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth; that they may breed abundantly in the earth, and be fruitful, and multiply upon the earth. 18 And Noah went forth, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him: 19 Every beast, every creeping thing, and every fowl, and whatsoever creepeth upon the earth, after their kinds, went forth out of the ark. |
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20 And Noah builded an altar unto the
LORD; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings
on the altar. 21 And the LORD smelled a sweet savour; and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake; for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have done. 22 While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease. |
Continue with Chapter 9
Related essays on this website
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Comparison of the Babylonian and Hebrew flood stories |
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Who wrote the 5 books of Moses? |
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A possible source for the flood stories |
References used:
- The book of Genesis from the King James Version of the Bible.
- R.E. Friedman, "Who Wrote the Bible?" HarperCollins, (1997), Pages 246-247. Read reviews or order this book safely from Amazon.com online book store
- R.E. Friedman, "The hidden book in the Bible: The discovery of the first prose masterpiece," Haper San Francisco. Review/order this book. The author traces the "J" component of the first four books of the Bible. He writes: "Readers have an opportunity to see the first great prose writer's full achievement; an epic work of the struggle between God and humans. and between good and bad.
Copyright 1998 to 2001 incl. by Ontario Consultants on
Religious Tolerance.
Latest update: 2011-JAN-31
Author: B.A. Robinson, J, P, & R
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